Evolution Theory – Subjective Systems

Abstract

An analysis of approaches to the theory of evolution is presented, and a bionic approach is proposed for the construction of self-organizing systems—specifically, the use of individual development (ontogenesis) in subjective systems (models of a biological organism) as an alternative method for unfolding the structure of complex informational dynamic systems. This study initiates an attempt to modeling evolutionary processes not from the level of phylogenesis, as is typical in evolutionary algorithms, but from the level of ontogenesis, which serves as the foundational layer of self-organization in real organisms and can provide alternative pathways for system deployment. The article discusses the main views on the concept of “evolution” and offers an analysis of evolutionary and genetic algorithms, highlighting their limitations. These algorithms typically perform predictions based on parameters predefined by researchers, whose outcomes are strongly dependent on the precision of their data. In contrast, evolution in biological organisms involves the unfolding of complex dynamic systems through multiple interrelated functions aimed at preserving the organism's holistic functioning and enabling its cyclical development. It is suggested that models should not be limited to simulating natural selection among hypothetical agents or genomes. Instead, the article suggests applying evolutionary at the level of ontogeny, using a logical model for constructing subjective systems, developed by analogy with the structure and functioning of organelles in a typical living cell. Since the cell is the fundamental basis for any physical interaction with the surrounding environment. This involves mechanisms for structural reconfiguration or complete functional reassembly, enabling the system to redeploy itself with new characteristics