Scientific and technical foundations for the efficient operation of 6G telecommunication networks

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the key development vectors of sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication technologies, which are considered the foundation for building a high-performance, secure, adaptive, and energy-efficient infocommunication infrastructure of the future. The study reviews contemporary scientific publications highlighting the strategic directions of wireless network evolution in the context of increasing demands for data transmission speed, latency, scalability, reliability, and security. The core functional objectives of 6G are substantiated, including achieving terabit-level data rates, sub-millisecond latency, support for massive hyperconnectivity, integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into network management, energy efficiency, and data confidentiality protection. Particular attention is paid to promising technologies that form the technical foundation of 6G: terahertz communications, massive MIMO, holographic communication, cognitive spectrum management, blockchain solutions, quantum-secure protocols, energy-autonomous devices, and edge/fog computing. The primary challenges are systematized, including the complexity of THz band utilization, growing cyber threats, lack of standardization for ultra-high frequencies, increasing energy consumption demands, and ethical considerations related to AI deployment. The research outlines architectural approaches to 6G implementation, including AI-based orchestration, service decentralization, support for emerging scenarios (AR/VR/XR, IoNT, BCI, holographic communication), flexible resource management, and the integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial segments. Strategic directions for further research are identified, such as the development of nanoscale components for antennas and sensors, modeling of intelligent network management, enhancement of secure communication protocols, and the development of standardized performance validation methods. The proposed analysis provides a conceptual basis for designing a reliable and scalable sixth-generation network architecture.