Methods and tools for modeling Wi-Fi coverage areas and the impact of interference on signal quality

Abstract

Methods and means of modeling Wi-Fi coverage areas and the influence of interference in local wireless computer networks based on Wi-Fi technology have been studied. The relevance of the problem is determined by the growing requirements for signal quality under conditions of intensive Wi-Fi use in offices, industrial facilities, and urban environments. To address this issue, an analysis of modern methods for modeling coverage areas has been carried out, which are classified into physical (transmitter power control, use of directional antennas, repeaters) and software-based approaches (NS-3 and OMNeT++ simulators, Ekahau and AirMagnet CAD tools, mathematical models of signal propagation). Particular attention was given to modeling with the NS-3 and OMNeT++ simulators, which enable reproduction of PHY- and MAC-layer protocol behavior for Wi-Fi standards 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be. Practical modeling of the coverage area for a segment of the Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University’s network was performed using the ITU-R P.1238 mathematical model, with signal heat map visualization in MATLAB. The results confirmed the importance of optimal access point placement for minimizing losses and improving signal quality. In addition, a simulation in the NS-3 environment was conducted, allowing assessment of the impact of interference and distance on the quality of service. The findings highlight the effectiveness of a combined modeling approach and confirm the need for further research into next-generation Wi-Fi 6 & Wi-Fi 7 technologies with MU-MIMO and OFDMA support.