Analysis of Vibroacoustic Signals for Diagnosing the Technical Condition of Electromechanical Equipment

Abstract

The article considers methodological and applied aspects of the analysis of vibroacoustic signals used to diagnose the technical condition of electromechanical equipment. The main attention is paid to functional diagnosing as a component of the technical condition management system of facilities. It is shown that the efficiency of defect detection largely depends on the ability to isolate and analyze different types of vibrational signals: periodic, random, and shock. The possibilities of spectral analysis of low-frequency vibrations for rotary machines, as well as the features of the application of high-frequency analysis for the diagnosing rolling bearings and reciprocating systems, are separately analyzed. SPM and acoustic emission methods are considered, which provide a high level of sensitivity to microdefects. The diagnosing difficulties in the mid-frequency range are described, which are due to the complex structure of oscillatory processes and a large number of resonances. The importance of using statistical methods for analyzing random vibrations is emphasized, in particular, calculating mean square values, asymmetry and kurtosis coefficients, as well as determining threshold values of diagnostic parameters. The prospects of wavelet analysis and automated digital signal processing methods for increasing the reliability of diagnostics are indicated. The results obtained can be used in the development of automated systems for monitoring and maintaining the technical condition of equipment based on the actual condition.