Methods and tools for developing a web interface to control hardware modules of Arduino within an internet of things system

Abstract

The active proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and the widespread use of Arduino based hardware modules across numerous domains—from home automation to industrial solutions—have created an urgent need for developing intuitive and functional means of interacting with such systems. A web interface is the key component that provides convenient monitoring, data collection, and remote control of IoT devices. In this article, we present a comprehensive analysis of modern methods and toolsets designed for developing web interfaces aimed at controlling Arduino hardware modules within IoT systems. We examine in detail the design stages, including the selection of optimal architectural patterns, efficient communication protocols (such as HTTP, MQTT, and WebSockets), and up-to-date technology stacks for frontend development (e.g., React, Vue, Angular) and backend development (Node.js, Python/Flask/Django). Special attention is paid to the specifics of integrating web interfaces with Arduino microcontrollers, the analysis of popular libraries and software platforms (for example, Arduino IoT Cloud and Blynk), and approaches to ensuring secure data transmission. The article also highlights the main challenges and offers recommendations for choosing tools to create scalable and reliable web solutions for Arduino-compatible IoT projects.