Development of localization techniques and review of basic methods of acoustic localization

Abstract

The article shows the development of spatial localization. The main types of spatial localization are determined by the method of identifying signals and the use of different locators. The principle of radio location and radar as its application, is examined for a better analysis of existing locators of the acoustic space. The acoustic signal sources locators are observed from the moment of creation of the first device, which is the beginning of sphere development. The main principle, which was used in first locators (waves interference) is also considered. Other locators are examined based on the type of signal interception (active, passive) examples are added with spheres in which different locator types can be used. Different methods of sources location are considered: time delay estimation or beamforming methods. There is an example of microphone array usage, as the main device, which makes methods of acoustic location work. Location defining method, which uses time delay is described in details and basic formulas are demonstrated like: a formula to define the signal relative to the microphone, cross correlation formula or generalized cross correlation formula. Highlighting the features of localization in environments with a high signal-to-noise ratio with different solutions for this problem. The process of acoustic localization by the method of beam formation and the process behind it are described in detail. Possible options for using neural networks to improve the efficiency of existing algorithms or the possibility of creating new algorithms based on neural networks are presented